![]() ![]() I personally feel this edgy, stylized faux-Nazi aesthetic helps sell the experience, but it might not jive with everyone. Vlambeer does a good job of toeing the line throughout the majority of the experience, but parents (this is rated “E for Everyone) should know that the characters helping the player look and feel like Nazis. While no Nazi iconography is present, the uniforms and attitudes of the stylized militants evoke a pulpy, cartoonish, yet vaguely sinister vibe. This assassination accentuates that fact that Luftrauser draws its conceptual inspiration from Germany’s devastatingly advanced WWII-era Luftwaffe air force. The fallen zeppelin comes with a brief cutscene of a WWII-era world leader lookalike meeting his untimely end. Causing the huge airship go down in flames not only nets pilots a huge score bonus, but instills a potent “I can’t believe I finally pulled it off” sense of satisfaction. Deflating this intimidating, screen-filling menace seems impossible at first, but persistence pays off. Last long enough in a round and the big blimp will rain down heavy fire into the already chaotic skies. Unfortunately, a large selection of these creations end up being duds.ĭesigning an aircraft that suits your playstyle is important not only for earning points, but also taking down the huge, weaponized dirigible that descends from the clouds. Tinkering with builds and finding what best fits your playstyle is a big part of the fun. ![]() Each aircraft piece comes with its own set of challenges, and they combine to form over 125 combinations. Apply a laser beam and hover engine to become a floating UFO of death. Combine a beefy engine and heavy armor for a fast bruiser with a slow turn radius. Vlambeer has taken fun creative liberties with these outlandish technological upgrades. ![]() Leveling up unlocks new weapon, armor, and engine parts for your customizable craft. Completing challenges (like “kill X boats without dying” and “kill X enemies while falling”) also aids progression. Players rack up points and level up by chaining together kills and taking down high-profile opposition. Bullet hell becomes even more hellish when fighting against the laws of gravity, but constantly compensating for the Earth’s pull makes flight feel satisfying and genuine. Degrading health is cleverly indicated by a subtle circle that constricts around your ship – the smaller it is the closer you are to going down in a blaze of glory. Your health only regenerates when you lay off the fire button, creating an exciting risk/reward factor when deciding whether to finish off a foe or flee. Becoming an expert takes time, especially while evading the dense tapestry of gunfire woven by enemy air and sea units. Simply managing to stay out of the water is a challenge at first, but you are dive-bombing battleships and dogfighting enemy planes soon enough. It places you in the cockpit and makes you feel like one of history’s soaring champions.įlying your speedy, maneuverable jet feels like Asteroids with gravity. Luftrausers is a frantic, sepia-toned 2D shooter by developer Vlambeer (the studio behind the mobile hit Ridiculous Fishing). Flying aces emerged from their respective nations, single-handedly gunning down hundreds of enemy planes. Fighter jets, aircraft carriers, and anti-aircraft guns evolved rapidly, and victory in the sky became as crucial as conquering land and sea. World War II was the golden age for aerial warfare. ![]()
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![]() ![]() An initial pre-mRNA comprising of the entire gene is initially transcribed. Harnessing the sequences attained from the above genes, we designed two novel 5′ mRNA tags (TriTag-1 and TriTag-2) that targeted the translated GFP to chloroplast, peroxisome and/or cytosol using alternative splicing (Figure 1). The translated proteins are targeted to the peroxisome if they retain the internal PTS2 site and to the cytosol if the site is removed. At least two spliceforms are produced from TTL from internal alternative acceptor junctions. This synthase catalyzes two steps in the allantoin biosynthesis pathway. The spliceforms produced from the 3′ transcription initiation site target the protein to the chloroplast when the targeting sequence is retained, and to the cytosol when it is not.Ī peroxisome targeting sequence, PTS2, containing the RLx 5HL nonapeptide, was taken from the transthyretin-like S-allantoin synthase gene ( TTL At5g58220). In nature, different isoforms are often produced from an individual gene, via the exclusion or inclusion of coding sequences from its mRNA by alternative splicing. Various mRNAs produced from PIMT2 are produced by alternative transcription initiation sites and alternative splicing events. PIMT2 is a ubiquitous repair protein, converting exposed isoaspartate residues to aspartate or asparagine residues in aging polypeptides. To construct TriTag-1 and TriTag-2, a chloroplast-targeting region (CTPa) was taken from protein-L-isoaspartate methyltransferase ( PIMT2, At5g50240). ĭesign for multiple-compartment localization by alternative splicing: TriTag-1 and TriTag-2 This combination of organelles is particularly interesting due to their close functional association in photorespiration, isoprenoid biosynthesis, β-oxidation and other metabolic processes. Here we describe a simple technique for targeting of transgenic proteins to multiple organelles, specifically the chloroplast, peroxisome, and cytosol. Although dual targeting to certain organelles may instead be achieved by adding a second localization peptide, this approach is limited to the possible combinations that can be made from available N- and C-terminal extensions. Coordinate expression may not be ensured due to context-dependent regulatory effects and/or homology-based silencing. These procedures are time-intensive and yield transformants with multiple spatially distinct copies of a protein expression cassette. Each copy must be introduced by successive retransformation, or alternatively, by backcrossing single transforms. ![]() One approach to target proteins to more than one location involves cloning multiple genetic copies, each containing a different localization peptide. ![]() Issues around protein targeting have arisen in (1) studying protein function in a coordinated fashion, (2) improving holistic plant metabolic engineering efforts and (3) increasing yields attained by molecular farming and other protein factory applications. For example, re-engineering photorespiration and isoprenoid synthesis will involve both the chloroplasts and peroxisomes.Ī number of synthetic N-terminal and C-terminal extensions are readily available to target heterologous proteins to desired subcellular compartments, such as the chloroplast, peroxisome, mitochondrion, endoplasmic reticulum or the nucleus. To enable complex metabolic engineering, plant engineers will require tools to direct single transgenes to multiple compartments. Plant cells harbor many distinct compartments that share some overlapping function, or are functionally associated in metabolic pathways and development. This work harnesses alternative splicing and signal embedding for engineering plants to express multi-functional proteins from single genetic constructs. Our novel signal sequences can reduce the number of cloning steps and the amount of genetic material required to target a heterologous protein to multiple locations in plant cells. TriTag-3 embeds a conserved peroxisomal targeting signal within a chloroplast transit peptide, directing GFP to the chloroplasts and peroxisomes. ![]() TriTag-1 shows a bias for targeting the chloroplast envelope while TriTag-2 preferentially targets the peroxisomes. TriTag-1 and TriTag-2 use alternative splicing to generate differentially localized GFP isoforms, localizing it to the chloroplasts, peroxisomes and cytosol. We designed novel hybrid signal sequences for multiple-compartment localization and characterize their function when fused to GFP in Nicotiana benthamiana leaf tissue. Plant bioengineers require simple genetic devices for predictable localization of heterologous proteins to multiple subcellular compartments. ![]() |